As we find ourselves in the midst of another sweltering summer, the global conversation turns once again to the topic of extreme heat. The world’s two hottest days on record occurred this past July, and 2024 is currently projected to be the warmest year ever recorded. The increased frequency and intensity of heat waves, often striking earlier than anticipated, are a cause for concern. This is not just about feeling uncomfortable, but a matter of life and death. In recent events, over 1,300 people died during the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, where temperatures soared to 52C (126F). Heat-related fatalities have also been reported from multiple locations including the US, Thailand, India, and Mexico.
Why is extreme heat a serious threat?
Extreme heat poses various health risks. High temperatures can lead to dehydration, escalating the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, heat can aggravate respiratory issues, especially in areas with high pollution levels. Moreover, extreme heat can make it difficult for individuals to work, increasing the likelihood of accidents and injuries. According to a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Europe likely experienced 61,672 deaths due to heat in 2022. However, this number may not accurately represent the total number of heat-related deaths, as many go unrecorded. Particularly vulnerable to extreme heat are the emerging economies, where most people work outdoors and lack effective cooling systems at home. Women and senior citizens are among the most affected demographics.
How is extreme heat measured?
Increasingly, forecasters are using measures of heat stress and discomfort to understand the health risks posed by high temperatures. The “wet-bulb” is one such measure, accounting for the effects of humidity. For example, a temperature of 42C with 40% humidity has a wet-bulb temperature around 30C. On the other hand, a lower temperature of 38C with a higher humidity of 80%, can result in a wet-bulb temperature of around 35C. Such temperatures can induce heatstroke even in healthy individuals, provided they have unlimited access to shade and water.
Where is extreme heat a problem?
Traditionally, South Asia and subtropical climates have recorded the highest heat and humidity levels. The UN predicts India will be one of the first countries to surpass a wet-bulb temperature of 35C. However, due to planetary warming and the impact of the El Nino weather pattern, temperature and humidity records are likely to be broken this year across various regions, including Florida, Texas, much of Africa, India, Australia, and Central and South America.
What is the economic impact of heat?
Extreme heat has far-reaching economic implications. It can exacerbate inequalities, particularly in cities, and elevate costs for food and energy. Additionally, heat can cause disruptions in outdoor activities, including concerts, religious gatherings, and sporting events.
How is extreme heat related to climate change?
Climate change is directly linked to the increased frequency and intensity of heatwaves. Warmer waters and moister air, both consequences of global warming, add fuel to hurricanes and typhoons. Climate change is also exacerbating wildfires in the western US, Australia, and elsewhere.
As a community, it’s important for us to understand the implications of extreme heat and contribute to mitigating its effects. Stay safe, stay hydrated, and look out for one another in these challenging times.
This is Jane Sheppard, your local north Florida news reporter, signing off.
